Stop Giving Tax Breaks Away

It’s time for lawmakers to stop implementing government programs by creating tax write-offs and granting tax credit incentives.  All government programs must be funded instead by collecting tax revenues and spending the receipts directly to get work done and accomplish legislated objectives.

A Glut of Write-Offs

Many different tax offsets are written into the tax code to carry out the work of government.  The list includes tax deductions, exclusions, exemptions and credits, as well as deferring when tax payments are due and applying lower, preferential tax rates to certain types of incomes.

Home ownership is subsidized through mortgage interest deductions.  Tax offsets are provided for developing alternative energy sources, for purchasing energy efficient appliances and insulating homes.  Deferred taxes are granted to people who save for retirement.  Reduced tax rates are charged on capital gains income to encourage people and organizations to invest.  Companies pay lower taxes for hiring certain types of workers, for offering medical insurance coverage and sometimes for providing employees with transportation to work.  Workers receive tax credits to help with dependent care expenses and purchasing a first time home.  The government partners in charitable giving because certain donations can be deducted from taxable income.  Families have lower tax bills when they send students to college.  Businesses earn tax relief for purchasing equipment, conducting research & development, drilling for oil, exporting merchandize and putting up low cost housing.  State & local officials confer tax reductions to people who conserve land & water or send children to private schools, and for businesses that restore old buildings, start a new facility in a local area or shoot a movie in their state.  The lists goes on and on.

So many initiatives are implemented through the tax code that they reduce federal tax receipts by more than $1 trillion annually, which represents, surprisingly, roughly 30% of what the federal government spends in a year.  Nearly all individual taxpayers can qualify for some type of government sponsored tax relief.  Tax preparers charge millions of consumers each year to dig up tax deductions most people have never heard of.  Tax attorneys make a handsome living pouring through the tax code and creating inventive ways to trim business tax remittances to the bone.  Although the corporate tax rate in the U.S. is 35%, companies pay less than half this rate on average, and sometimes pay no income tax at all, due to the great variety of tax breaks made available to companies by lawmakers.  

Harmful Impacts 

On paper, creating tax write-offs versus collecting and spending tax revenues is a wash.  For example, Government A collects $100 million in taxes and spends $15 million on energy conservation.  Government B creates $15 million in tax credits, raises $85 million in taxes (rather than $100 million), and tells taxpayers to go out and spend $15 million to reduce energy use.  Both governments in this example achieve conservation and end up with $85 million to spend on other programs.

But funding the work of government through tax revenue reductions has significant disadvantages.  It makes the tax code unnecessarily complex, expensive to administer and difficult, sometimes impossible, to understand.  Tax write-offs reside on the revenue side of the budget where they receive less scrutiny and are more difficult to manage and control than direct expenditures, which appear in the budget as spending line items.  When the time comes to discuss government spending -- which initiatives should be refunded, which expanded, which reduced -- programs funded through tax reductions escape the debate.  Similarly, on the other side of the ledger, it’s hard to decide if taxes are too high, or whether they should be lowered, because tax reduction initiatives make it difficult to determine what the base level of taxation truly is.

Programs funded via tax reductions take on the persona of mandatory spending programs -- similar to Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid -- which are not subject to being reviewed and renewed each year.  Tax code funding is regressive: many types of deductions and credits can only be claimed by those who have a tax bill to pay; the higher the tax bill, the more valuable write-offs become.  Tax breaks can be unfair:  only about 1/3rd of taxpayers itemize deductions on their federal returns, so many income tax deductions created by Congress to further government programs are available to just a portion of the population.  Tax write-offs sometimes subsidize actions people will take anyway without receiving assistance, like sending their kids to college, buying a home and setting aside savings for retirement.

Shift to Direct Spending

Government initiatives funded through tax offsets provide great value and make substantial contributions to the public good.  But they all should be funded via direct spending rather than through tax reduction incentives.  If we agree to subsidize oil exploration, fine . . . put subsidies in the spending budget and pay companies to go out and find oil -- don’t wrap up incentives in complex tax avoidance schemes.  If we want more people to go to college, swell . . . write checks to cover part of the cost of tuition or books -- don’t do it by complicating the tax code and reducing tax bills for people who send dependents to university.  If the nation wants people to have energy saving refrigerators and light bulbs, great . . . give them away or issue rebate checks so people can go out and shop for themselves -- but don’t mold consumer behavior by shrinking the pool of tax dollars available for funding other social programs.  

Financing government initiatives by offering tax incentives sounds like a great idea.  People and businesses get to keep more of what they earn.  Government can be inefficient and wasteful, so why not let individuals and private organizations make decisions about how best to invest their own money rather than sending it in to the I.R.S. for government bureaucrats to spend?  A strong case can be made for charging lower tax rates on certain types of economic activities that benefit the public.  But these benefits come with drawbacks that are too costly to bear.  Proper oversight and control of government spending are needed now more than ever.  Simplify the tax code, equalize tax rates for everyone, get rid of write-offs, deferrals, preferences and all the rest.  It’s imperative that all government expenditures be removed from the tax code and placed openly in the spending budget where they genuinely belong.

Travel to Panama

I went on vacation to the Republic of Panama recently.  Learning about the Panama Canal and transiting through the locks were fascinating.  Panama City, on the Pacific side, has many big city attractions.  Colon, on the Atlantic/Caribbean side, has the second largest free trade zone in the world (after Hong Kong); buyers from around the globe shop there and take home merchandize by the container load.  The countryside is remarkably diverse with mountains, beaches, rivers, lakes, rain forests, jungles, wildlife preserves, coffee plantations . . . all in a small radius.  Due to nature’s blessings, Panama does not get hit by hurricanes and does not experience earthquakes.  I visited Boquete, in the west, which is an economical retirement location for both domestic and foreign residents.  This is an easy trip to take -- it’s close, people speak English and they use U.S. dollars.  I recommend Panama for anyone looking for an enjoyable, and educational, destination abroad.

Elvis B-Side Was a Hit

Elvis Presley is recognized around the world as the most popular entertainer of his time.  It is also well known that he declined tragically in the later years of his career and misused prescription drugs, which hastened the end of his life.  His music and the circumstances of his final years will always be remembered.  But lesser known aspects of his character should never be forgotten: the generosity he showed to others and the many charitable contributions he made during his lifetime.

Elvis was born poor.  He knew what it was like to go without, to accept food and welfare assistance, and learned the importance of helping others in need.  Early on he made appearances to raise money for charitable organizations like the March of Dimes.  He posed for promotion photos while getting vaccines and giving blood.  He donated to toy drives and wrote checks to more than 50 charitable organizations each year at Christmas.  Before a performance in Mississippi, he visited a hospital to cheer up a sick boy who wanted to meet him but was unable to attend the show.  He contributed to the Motion Picture Relief Fund to help workers in need.  Purchased a yacht and donated it to an auction organized to raise money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.  He performed charity concerts in Memphis and Tupelo, Mississippi, where he was born, to benefit youth services and local relief programs.  Gave a benefit concert in Hawaii to help fund the building of a memorial over the sunken U.S.S. Arizona battleship in Pearl Harbor.  He performed again in Hawaii in 1973 to benefit cancer research.   He staged a concert in Tupelo to benefit victims impacted by a series of tornados that hit southern Mississippi in January, 1975.

Elvis made many donations of time and money that were never publicized.  He gave uncounted gifts to family and friends.  He bought cars and homes for people.  Helped strangers in need, giving them money, paying off their debts.  He gave money to high school students so they could afford tickets to a charity football game.  He supported a driver education program, the American Library Association and the Memphis Jewish Community Center.  He purchased a new wheelchair for an elderly woman.  He visited people who were sick, sometimes arranging to pay their hospital bills.  

When Elvis organized a benefit event he paid the costs of putting on the show, ensuring that all proceeds raised, not just the amount after expenses, went to charity.  Elvis’s father, Vernon Presley, warned him he was giving away too much money.  Elvis said he wasn’t worried about money, that he wanted to make people happy, that it was a great gift to be able to give.  He directed his advisors not to deduct charitable contributions on his tax returns because, reportedly, that would be like the government making the donation rather than himself.

Some say Elvis was insecure, that he gave away so much to impress friends, to buy affection, to gain acceptance and atone for times when he treated people harshly.  But the record shows he was blessed with a sincerely generous nature, and gave so many gifts not because it was popular but because helping people and giving joy to others made him happy.

Christian vs. Media Evangelist

What does it mean to be a Christian?  Sometimes a brief account can reveal more about the answer than volumes of theological studies.

Harold Camping, an 89-year-old retired civil engineer, built a multi-million-dollar Christian media empire predicting the end of world would come on Saturday, May 21, 2011.  At the fatal hour, when the prophesy failed, reporters found Camping’s 65-year-old next door neighbor Sheila Doan gardening outside her home in Alameda, California.  Doan said she is a Christian and while she respects her neighbor, she doesn't share his views.  "I wouldn't consider Mr. Camping a close friend and wouldn't have him over for dinner or anything, but if he needs anything, we are there for him," Doan said.

Source: Various newspaper and wire reports of the day.

Government Borrowing Alarm Bells

“There is no means of avoiding the final collapse of a boom brought about by credit expansion. The alternative is only whether the crisis should come sooner as the result of voluntary abandonment of further credit expansion, or later as a final and total catastrophe of the currency system involved.”

Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973), Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, 1949

In recent years, the United States has seen a substantial increase in public debt due to budget deficits.  Deficits have been driven by a combination of high rates of growth in government spending and a reduction in tax revenues and other receipts.  In the last five years, 2006-2011, spending by the federal government has increased on average by 7.5% per year.  Receipts during this time, due mostly to lackluster economic performance, have declined by 2% per year.  The federal government has been borrowing at unprecedented rates to fill this gap.  For example, in 2011, the government will borrow $1,600 billion, which, alarmingly, represents 40% of expenditures for the year.  As a result, the public debt, gross federal debt, has nearly doubled in the last five years from $8,400 billion in 2006 to $15,500 billion estimated for year end 2011.  Adding to the trend, many state and local governments have displayed record increases in deficit spending and public borrowing during this period as well. 

Politicians and legislators are struggling to find ways to rein in spending and increase revenues to reduce government borrowing.  As of this writing, what the outcome will be is uncertain.  Understandably, it is difficult to decide which citizens and institutions should face tax increases, and which citizens and institutions should suffer government benefit cuts.  If remedial actions are not implemented, however, the prophesy from Herr von Mises written above will, over time, come to pass.  

Insights from The Shack

Here are insights I gained from reading The Shack, a novel by William Young published in 2007:

People were granted free will and self determination by the Creator.  Both the chance to achieve great good and the potential to cause great evil are part of human nature.  Just as prosperity and blessings appear from unexpected directions, adversity and malevolence can emerge at any time, causing terrible personal loss.  When tragedy strikes, withdrawal, isolation and self reliance intensify human suffering.  Only by cultivating relationships and embracing love can people gain the salvation needed to survive the damages of overwhelming emotional trauma.

Big Government - Quotation

“A government big enough to give you everything you want, is strong enough to take everything you have.”

               -  President Gerald R. Ford, address to Congress, August 12, 1974.

Nota bene:  This quote has been misattributed to several others including Thomas Jefferson, Barry Goldwater, Ronald Reagan, and (interestingly) American frontiersman Davey Crockett.

Food Supply: Plant & Animal Diversity

Observations taken in part from:
National Geographic Magazine - July 2011
Food Ark - By Charles Siebert

Experts estimate we have lost more than half of the world's food varieties over the past century.  In the Philippines, thousands of varieties of rice once thrived; now only about a hundred are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties cultivated just a century ago have disappeared.  In the United States, an estimated 90 percent of historic fruit and vegetable varieties have vanished.  For example, of the 7,000 apple varieties that were grown in the 1800s, fewer than a hundred remain.  Of the 8,000 known livestock breeds in the world, 1,600 are endangered or already extinct.

In agriculture, genetically weak, high-yield monocrop varieties sometimes adapt poorly to local conditions.  This means crops must be sustained with large amounts of water and repeated applications of expensive chemical fertilizers and hazardous pesticides.  It’s no coincidence that some of the world’s largest seed companies, including Monsanto, Syngenta, and DuPont, got their start as chemical manufacturers.

The same holds true for high-yield livestock breeds.  The drive to increase production is diluting genetic diversity.  Better adapted local livestock breeds are losing out to imported animals from industrialized nations, which often require expensive feed and medicinal care to survive in foreign climates.  

Ninety percent (90%) of cattle in the developed world originate from six tightly defined breeds (the Holstein-Friesian dairy cow, for example).  While such livestock breeds often yield more milk, eggs and meat under controlled conditions in the short term, they pose a higher risk over the long haul because they’re poorly adapted to local climates, conditions, and indigenous diseases.  As a result, global meat & dairy supplies have become largely dependent on a shrinking list of breeds designed for maximum yield: for example, the Rhode Island Red chicken, the Large White pig, the Holstein cow.  In short, in our focus on increasing the amount of food we produce today, we have accidentally put ourselves at risk for food shortages in the future.

The key challenge in facing this problem has been to show it's possible to increase productivity without sacrificing diversity.  The use of local seeds - in combination with natural fertilizers and techniques such as intercropping - has in some cases improved yield as much as 15 percent above that of imported, high-yield varieties.  Similar success stories have occurred with local indigenous livestock breeds. Keith Hammond, a United Nations expert on animal genetics, says that in 80 percent of the world's rural areas locally adapted genetic resources are superior to imported breeds.

The North American Gulf Coast Native sheep thrives in high heat and humidity and has broad parasite resistance. On the remote Orkney Islands, North Ronaldsay sheep can live on nothing but seaweed. Zebu cattle are more resistant to ticks than other cattle. In Ethiopia, small, humpless, short-horned Sheko cattle are good milk producers that withstand harsh conditions and have resistance to sleeping sickness.  Finnsheep have become vital to the sheep industry because of their ability to produce large litters. The Fayoumi chicken, an indigenous Egyptian species dating back to the reign of the pharaohs, is in great demand as a prodigious egg layer with high heat tolerance and resistance to numerous diseases. The rare Taihu pig of China is coveted by the world's pig breeders for its ability to thrive on cheap forage foods and its unusual fertility, regularly producing litters of 16 piglets (as opposed to an average of 10 for Western breeds).  Uganda’s indigenous Ankole cattle (famous for their graceful and gigantic horns) can travel long distances to water sources.

When the Irish people became dependent on the potato as a food staple midway through the 19th century, they were planting primarily one prodigious variety, the Lumper potato.  In 1845, spores of the deadly fungus Phytophthora infestans began spreading across the country, destroying nearly all the Lumpers in its path. The resulting famine killed or displaced millions.  This lesson from history must not be lost on us today.

One response to the rapidly dwindling biodiversity in our fields has been to gather and safely store the seeds of many different crop varieties before they disappear forever.  Today there are some 1,400 seed banks around the world.  Researchers are also pushing for the establishment of regional gene banks to preserve livestock biodiversity.

Finally, the most precious and endangered resource that must not be lost is the knowledge stored in the minds of farmers and ranchers -- it’s very important to combine the science of plant varieties and animal breeding with local knowledge, the farmer's science.

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